查看“唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌”的源代码

{{NoteTA
|T=zh-hans:唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌;zh-hant:唐菖蒲伯克氏菌;
|1=zh-hans:唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌;zh-hant:唐菖蒲伯克氏菌;
|2=zh-hans:伯克霍尔德菌;zh-hant:伯克氏菌;
|3=zh-hans:米酵菌酸;zh-hant:米酵菌酸;zh-tw:邦克列酸;
}}
{{speciesbox
|name = 唐菖蒲伯克氏菌
|image = Gladiolus plant inoculated with B. gladioli.JPG
|image_caption = 被唐菖蒲伯克氏菌感染的[[唐菖蒲]]
|status = 
|status_system = 
|status_ref = 
|genus = Burkholderia
|species = gladioli
|authority = (Zopf 1885) <br> Yabuuchi ''et al.'' 1993
|type_strain = ATCC 10248 <br> CCUG 1782 <br> CFBP 2427 <br> CIP 105410 <br> DSM 4285 <br> HAMBI 2157 <br> [http://scd.landcareresearch.co.nz/Specimen/ICMP_3950 ICMP 3950] <br> JCM 9311 <br> LMG 2216 <br> NBRC 13700 <br> NCCB 38018 <br> NCPPB 1891 <br> NCTC 12378 <br> NRRL B-793
| synonyms = ''Pseudomonas gladioli'' <small>Severini 1913</small> <br> ''Burkholderia cocovenenans'' <small>(van Damme ''et al.'' 1960) Gillis ''et al.''.</small> <br> ''Pseudomonas cocovenenans'' <small>van Damme ''et al.'' 1960</small> <br> ''Pseudomonas antimicrobica'' <small>Attafuah and Bradbury 1990</small> <br> ''Pseudomonas marginata'' <small>(McCulloch) Stapp</small> <br> ''Pseudomonas farinofermentans'' <small>Naixin</small> <br> ''Pseudomonas alliicola'' <small>(Burkholder 1942) Starr and Burkholder 1942</small>
}}

'''唐菖蒲伯克氏菌'''<ref>{{樂詞網|term =伯克氏菌 |urlid =089e78fbf3d6a015501b37ce682724c8 }}</ref><ref>{{术语在线|term =伯克霍尔德菌属 |urlid =ed949f5a02d611ef8d5c0242ac110003 }}</ref><ref>陆仲烟, et al. "伯克氏菌对水稻种子萌发及初生幼苗耐镉性的影响." 农业资源与环境学报 30.6 (2013): 87-90.</ref><ref>楊慶輝（2011）。抗生素老藥新用之趨勢。台灣醫學，15(4)，398-406。https://doi.org/10.6320/FJM.2011.15(4).08
</ref>（{{sn|Burkholderia gladioli|bn}}）又称'''-{zh-cn:唐菖蒲伯克氏菌;zh-tw:唐菖蒲伯克霍爾德菌}-'''，是一種[[好氧生物|需氧]][[革蘭氏陰性]][[桿菌]]<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite book|author1=Coenye, Tom |author2=Vandamme, Peter |date=2007 |title=Burkholderia: Molecular Microbiology and Genomics. Horizon Bioscience |url=https://archive.org/details/burkholderiamole0000unse |isbn=978-1-904933-28-1}}</ref>。其主要為植物病原菌，但可以與植物和真菌[[共生]]<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite journal|vauthors=Stoyanova M, Pavlina I, Moncheva P, Bogatzevska N |date=March 2007 |title=Biodiversity and Incidence of Burkholderia Species |journal=Biotechnol. & Biotechnol. Eq. |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=306–310 |doi=10.1080/13102818.2007.10817465 }}</ref>，亦可能對人類造成[[伺機性感染]]，存在於土壤、水、[[根際]]及多種動物體內。這種細菌可合成{{le|唐菖蒲素|Gladiolin|}}、[[邦克列酸]]、{{le|毒黄菌素|Toxoflavin}}等數種抑制物質或毒素<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Song L, Jenner M, Masschelein J, Jones C, Bull MJ, Harris SR, Hartkoorn RC, Vocat A, Romero-Canelon I, Coupland P, Webster G, Dunn M, Weiser R, Paisey C, Cole ST, Parkhill J, Mahenthiralingam E, Challis GL | display-authors = 6 | title = Discovery and Biosynthesis of Gladiolin: A Burkholderia gladioli Antibiotic with Promising Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis | journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society | volume = 139 | issue = 23 | pages = 7974–7981 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28528545 | doi = 10.1021/jacs.7b03382 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Subík J, Behún M | title = Effect of bongkrekic acid on growth and metabolism of filamentous fungi | journal = Archiv für Mikrobiologie | volume = 97 | issue = 1 | pages = 81–88 | date = April 1974 | pmid = 4857952 | doi = 10.1007/BF00403048 | s2cid = 11639700 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ross C, Opel V, Scherlach K, Hertweck C | title = Biosynthesis of antifungal and antibacterial polyketides by Burkholderia gladioli in coculture with Rhizopus microsporus | journal = Mycoses | volume = 57 Suppl 3 | pages = 48–55 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25250879 | doi = 10.1111/myc.12246 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Furuya N, Iiyama K, Shiozaki N, Matsuyama N|date=1997|title=Phytotoxin produced by Burkholderia gladioli|url=https://catalog.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp/opac_detail_md/?reqCode=fromlist&lang=0&amode=MD100000&bibid=24188&opkey=B153703728974544&start=1&listnum=5&place=&totalnum=29&list_disp=50&list_sort=0&cmode=0&chk_st=0&check=00000000000000000000000000000|journal=Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University|volume=42|pages=33–37|doi=10.5109/24188|doi-access=free|access-date=2024-03-29|archive-date=2024-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530210104/https://catalog.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp/opac_detail_md/?reqCode=fromlist&lang=0&amode=MD100000&bibid=24188&opkey=B153703728974544&start=1&listnum=5&place=&totalnum=29&list_disp=50&list_sort=0&cmode=0&chk_st=0&check=00000000000000000000000000000|dead-url=no}}</ref>，这些分子可能与其生长环境中的其他微生物发生拮抗作用。唐菖蒲伯克氏菌中一種生長在[[椰子]]果肉上的{{tsl|en|Pathovar||致病型}}，会產生呼吸毒素——[[邦克列酸]]，食用後會抑制粒線體中電子傳遞鏈的ATP-ADP exchange ，終止細胞獲得能量的過程，可能導致人類致命中毒。

==命名==
唐菖蒲伯克氏菌有許多舊稱或異名，如：'''椰毒假單胞菌'''（''Pseudomonas cocovenenans''）、'''劃界假單胞菌'''（''Pseudomonas marginata''）、'''椰毒伯克霍爾德菌'''（''Burkholderia cocovenerans''）等。[[伯克氏菌屬]]細菌原歸屬於[[假單胞菌屬]]，後來因[[rRNA]]序列的研究發現其差異，與其他六個屬一起自假單胞菌屬分拆，獨立归类為[[伯克霍尔德菌属]]<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Prescott LM, Harley JP, Klein DA |date=2005 |chapter=Bacteria: The Proteobacteria |title=Microbiology |edition=6th  |pages=482–483 |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-295175-2}}</ref>。在伯克氏菌屬中，唐菖蒲伯克氏菌與{{link-en|洋蔥伯克氏菌群|Burkholderia cepacia complex}}（包含十種物種，皆為植物病原菌）關係最接近，也常與該菌群的種類混淆。唐菖蒲伯克氏菌有多種{{link-en|致病型|pathovar}}，如 ''B. g.'' pv. ''gladioli''、''B. g.'' pv. ''alliicola''、''B. g.'' pv. ''agaricicola''、''B. g.'' pv. ''cocovenerans'' 等。其中 ''gladioli'' 導致[[唐菖蒲]]腐爛、''allicola'' 導致[[洋蔥]]鱗莖腐爛、''agaricicola'' 導致[[蘑菇]]軟腐病、''cocovenerans'' 则使椰子果肉变质<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Jiao Z, Kawamura Y, Mishima N, Yang R, Li N, Liu X, Ezaki T |date=2003 |title=Need to Differentiate Lethal Toxin-Producing Strains of Burkholderia gladioli, Which Cause Seere Food Poisoning: Description of B. gladioli Pathovar cocovenenans and an Emended Description of B. gladioli |journal=Microbiol. Immunol |volume=47 |issue=12 |pages=915–925 |doi=10.1111/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03465.x}}</ref>。

==鑑定==
伯克氏菌為可移動的[[革蘭氏陰性菌]]，屬於好氧的[[桿菌]]，[[過氧化氫酶|過氧化氫酶檢測]]與[[脲酶]]檢測結果均為陽性，不形成[[內孢子]]，它們可在[[馬康基氏瓊脂]]上生長，但不能發酵[[乳糖]]。唐菖蒲伯克氏菌與其他種伯克氏菌的區別是其氧化酶測試結果陰性<ref name ="autogenerated1"/>、{{link-en|吲哚測試|Indole test}}結果為陰性、[[棕色環試驗]]結果為陰性、{{link-en|賴氨酸脫羧酶|Lysine decarboxylase}}測試結果則為陰性。<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Graves M, Robin T, Chipman AM, Wong J, Khashe S, Janda JM |date=October 1997 |title=Four Additional Cases of Burkholderia gladioli Infection with Microbiological Correlates and Review |journal=CID |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=838–842 |pmid=9356798 }}</ref>[[聚合酶链式反应|PCR]]可用於在分子層次上鑑別不同的伯克氏菌屬物種，一般以[[16S 核糖体RNA|16S]]或[[23S 核糖体RNA|23S]][[核糖體DNA|rDNA]]的序列差異區分物種。<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite journal |vauthors=Furuya N, Ura H, Iiyama K, Matsumoto M, Takeshita M, Takanami Y |date=2002 |title=Specific Oligonucleotide Primers Based on Sequences of the 16S-23S rDNA Spacer Region for the Detection of Burkholderia gladioli by PCR |journal=J. Gen. Plant Pathol |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=220–224 |doi=10.1007/PL00013080}}</ref>
==病理學==
===植物===
唐菖蒲伯克氏菌是[[洋蔥]]、[[唐菖蒲]]、[[鳶尾]]中的[[植物病理學|植物病原菌]]，可引起唐菖蒲的[[球莖]]與葉浸水腐爛，並出現邊緣帶黃色的棕色病斑，病斑一段時間後會脫落，造成孔洞，另外本種菌感染還可造成[[葉鞘]]（leaf sheath）褐變，以及根、莖和花瓣等部位也可能枯萎腐爛，最終全株皆可能凋萎<ref name = autogenerated2 /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/vista/pdf_pubs/651.pdf|title=Page has moved, College of ACES :: University of Illinois|publisher=|access-date=2018-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901064134/http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/vista/pdf_pubs/651.pdf|archive-date=2006-09-01|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。

===人類===
對人類而言，唐菖蒲伯克氏菌是[[機會感染|機會致病菌]]，常發生於[[醫院內感染]]。少數情況下這種菌可感染[[囊性纖維化]]患者，造成嚴重的[[肺部]]感染<ref name = autogenerated2 />。唐菖蒲伯克氏菌也可以感染[[肉芽腫]]患者的呼吸道。在肺[[器官移植|移植]]過程中，這種細菌的感染可能導致[[菌血症]]與嚴重的傷口感染，最終可能致命<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1378/chest.114.2.658|title=Significance of Airway Colonization by Burkholderia gladioli in Lung Transplant Candidates|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chest_1998-08_114_2/page/658|journal=Chest|volume=114|issue=2|pages=658|year=1998|last1=Khan|first1=Saeed U.|last2=Arroliga|first2=Alejandro C.|last3=Gordon|first3=Steven M.}}</ref>；但其主要致病機理為污染食物後代謝出劇毒的[[邦克列酸]]，可抑制呼吸作用中，電子傳遞鏈最終階段的ATP-ADP exchange ，終止細胞獲得能量，進而損傷肝腎功能，造成嚴重[[食物中毒]]。在[[2015年莫桑比克啤酒中毒事件]]中，死者飲用的自釀啤酒便是由被這種細菌污染的玉米粉釀成<ref>{{cite news |title=Mozambique: Mass Poisoning Caused By Bacterial Contamination |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201511050128.html |website=[[allafrica.com]] |date=4 November 2015 |accessdate=7 February 2016 |archive-date=2016-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207152138/http://allafrica.com/stories/201511050128.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

==參考文獻==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3308486}}
[[Category:伯克氏菌科]]
[[Category:革兰氏阴性菌]]